SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Two Chinas</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Two Chinas</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Two Chinas</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Territories controlled by the <a href="China" title="China">People's Republic of China (PRC)</a> (purple) and the <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China (ROC)</a> (orange). The size of minor islands controlled by the PRC, the ROC, and other countries (gray) has been exaggerated in this map for ease of identification.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">兩個中國</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">两个中国</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">liǎng gè Zhōngguó (in PRC)<br>liǎng ge Zhōngguó (in ROC)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄍㄜ` ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛ´ (in PRC)<br>ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄍㄜ˙ ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛ´ (in ROC)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">liang<sup>3</sup> ko<sup>4</sup> chung<sup>1</sup>-kuo<sup>2</sup> (in PRC)<br>liang<sup>3</sup> ko chung<sup>1</sup>-kuo<sup>2</sup> (in ROC)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">lyǎng gè Jūnggwó (in PRC)<br>lyǎng ge Jūnggwó (in ROC)</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr></tbody></table>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #AAAAAA;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom: 0.2em solid #CE294E00;"><div class="adr"><a href="Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_leaders_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Leadership</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<dl><dt><a href="Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">Leadership generations</a></dt>

<dd><a href="Succession_of_power_in_China" title="Succession of power in China">Succession of power</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu–Wen Administration</a> (2002–2012)</li>

<li><a href="Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a> (2012–2017)</li>

<li><a href="General_secretaryship_of_Xi_Jinping" title="General secretaryship of Xi Jinping">Xi's general secretaryship</a> (since 2012)

<ul><li><a href="Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">4th Leadership Core</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li>

<li><a href="20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Party Politburo</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li>

<li><a href="Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th State Council</a>: <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_leaders_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China#Current_office_holders" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Current state leaders</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">Current provincial leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">Party and state leaders</a></dt>

<dd><a href="Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">Orders of precedence</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="First_Lady_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of the People's Republic of China">First lady</a>: <a href="Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party leader</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_state_representatives_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China">State representative</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_premiers_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">Head of government</a>: <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Congress Chairman</a>: <a href="Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li>

<li><a href="Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference Chairman</a>: <a href="Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">Commander-in-chief</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li>

<li><a href="Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Related systems</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li>

<li><a href="Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li>

<li><a href="Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li>

<li><a href="Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li>

<li><a href="Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_Service_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service of China">Civil service</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li><li><a href="Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Constitutional_history_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China">Previous constitutions</a>

<ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="People's_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)</a></div></li>

<li><a href="Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism (Article 3)</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Protection of human rights (Article 33)</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion (Article 36)</a></li>

<li><a href="Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest state organ of power (Article 57)</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese legal system</a>

<ul><li><a href="Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law tradition</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law tradition</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Legislation_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Legislation Law</i></a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_statutes_of_China" title="List of statutes of China">List of statutes</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="General_Principles_of_the_Civil_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>General Principles of the Civil Law</i></a> (to 2020)</li>

<li><a href="Civil_Code_of_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Code of People's Republic of China"><i>Civil Code</i></a> (from 2021)</li>

<li><a href="New_Marriage_Law" title="New Marriage Law"><i>Marriage Law</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese labour law">Labour law</a>

<ul><li><a href="Labour_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Law</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Contract Law</i></a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_property_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese property law">Property law</a>

<ul><li><a href="Property_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Property Law</i></a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property law</a>

<ul><li><a href="Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">Patent law</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Administrative_law_in_China" title="Administrative law in China">Administrative law</a>

<ul><li><a href="Administrative_Procedure_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Administrative Procedure Law</i></a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Criminal law</a>

<ul><li><a href="Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Capital_offences_in_China" title="Capital offences in China">Capital offences</a></li>

<li><a href="Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<dl><dt><a href="History_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="History of the Chinese Communist Party">History</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Principal leaders</a></li></ul>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a> and <a href="Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">ideology</a></div></div>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party_Admission_Oath" title="Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath">Admission Oath (Article 6)</a></li>

<li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></div>

<ul><li><a href="Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li>

<li><a href="Maoism" title="Maoism">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li>

<li><a href="Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li>

<li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></div>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Socialist Society</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Whole-process_people's_democracy" title="Whole-process people's democracy">Whole-process people's democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="Organization_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization</a></div></div>

<ul><li><a href="National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Party Congress</a> (<a href="20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)

<ul><li><a href="Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> (<a href="20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)

<dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> (<a href="Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">list</a>)</span>

<dl><dd><a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Politburo</a> (<a href="20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Secretariat</a> (<a href="20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)

<ul><li>First-ranked secretary: <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:</div> <a href="Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a>, <a href="He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairman:</div> <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Directors:</div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></span></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-General: <a href="Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial & Economic Affairs Commission</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Director_of_the_General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Director of the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">Director</a>: <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a>

<dl><dd>Director: Han Shiming</dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a>

<ul><li><a href="Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office of the Central Secrecy Commission</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Head_of_the_Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Head of the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Head</a>: <a href="Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> (<a href="20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>)

<ul><li><a href="Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>)

<dl><dd><a href="Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>: <a href="Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission</a>

<dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a>

<dl><dd>Leader: <a href="Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li>Provincial committee

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Standing committee</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Secretary</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy secretaries</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Party_group" title="Party group">Party group</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="National_People's_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (<a href="14th_National_People's_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a>

<ul><li><a href="Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="System_of_people's_congress" title="System of people's congress">System of people's congress</a></li>

<li><a href="Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> (14th)

<ul><li><a href="Council_of_Chairpersons_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Council of Chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Council of Chairpersons</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>: <a href="Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice-Chairpersons</a>

<dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="Secretary-General_of_the_National_People's_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="Liu_Qi_(politician%2C_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a></span></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Special_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committees</a>

<ol><li><a href="Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Education%2C_Science%2C_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></li></ol></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Presidium_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li></ul>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State representative</div></div>

<ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> (<a href="List_of_Presidents_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div>

<ul><li><a href="Office_of_the_President_of_China" title="Office of the President of China">Presidential Office</a>

<dl><dd>Chief: Han Shiming</dd></dl></li></ul></li>

<li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a>: <a href="Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Executive organ</div></div>

<ul><li><a href="State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council (Central People's Government)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Cabinet</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a> (<a href="List_of_premiers_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice-Premiers</a> (<a href="List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>)

<dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a>

<dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></div></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Cabinet-level departments</a>

<ul><li><a href="National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development & Reform Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">National Audit Office</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_government-owned_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government-owned companies of China">most Central Enterprises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Military organ</div></div>

<ul><li><a href="Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (CMC)</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a> (<a href="Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a>):

<dl><dd><a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:

<dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd>

<dd>Members:

<dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd>

<dd>Departments:

<ol><li><a href="General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff Dept.</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief</a>: <a href="Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Dept.</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support Dept.</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Zhang_Lin_(general)" title="Zhang Lin (general)">Zhang Lin</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development Dept.</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Xu_Xueqiang" title="Xu Xueqiang">Xu Xueqiang</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration Dept.</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Wang_Peng_(lieutenant_general)" title="Wang Peng (lieutenant general)">Wang Peng</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization Dept.</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a></dd></dl></li>

<dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission">Politics and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_and_Technology_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission">Science and Technology Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning Office</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform & Organizational Structure Office</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">Int'l Military Cooperation Office</a></li>

<li><a href="Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li>

<li><a href="Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration Agency</a></li></ol></dd>

<dd>National armed forces:

<dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="People's_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater commands</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="People's_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a>

<dl><dd><a href="1st_Mobile_Contingent" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Mobile Contingent">1st Mobile Contingent</a></dd>

<dd><a href="2nd_Mobile_Contingent" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Mobile Contingent">2nd Mobile Contingent</a></dd>

<dd><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="State_Council_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></div>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Chairman</a>: <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></div></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Ministry of Veterans Affairs</a></dd>

<dd><a href="State_Administration_for_Science%2C_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence">State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense</a></dd></dl></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="History_of_the_People's_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">Military history</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_wars_involving_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a></li>

<li><a href="Modernization_of_the_People's_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Military modernization</a></li>

<li><a href="Deepening_National_Defense_and_Military_Reform" title="Deepening National Defense and Military Reform">Military reform since 2015</a>

<ul><li><a href="Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">CMC Leading Group for Military Reform</a>

<dl><dd>Leader: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supervisory organ</div></div>

<ul><li><a href="National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Director_of_the_National_Supervisory_Commission" title="Director of the National Supervisory Commission">Director</a>: <a href="Liu_Jinguo" title="Liu Jinguo">Liu Jinguo</a></dd></dl></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption in China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign since 2012</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Judicial organs</div></div>

<ul><li><a href="Supreme_People's_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="President_of_the_Supreme_People's_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a>: <a href="Zhang_Jun_(politician)" title="Zhang Jun (politician)">Zhang Jun</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="People's_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_People's_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People's_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="People's_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Department_of_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Justice (Hong Kong)">Department of Justice</a>

<ul><li><a href="Prosecutions_Division_(Hong_Kong)" title="Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)">Prosecutions Division</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li>

<li><a href="Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a>

<ul><li><a href="Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a></li>

<li>Public Prosecutions Office</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Secretariat_for_Security_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Security (Macau)">Secretariat for Security</a>

<ul><li><a href="Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a>

<ul><li>Unitary Police Services

<ul><li><a href="Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a></li>

<li>Judiciary Police</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="System_of_multi-party_cooperation_and_political_consultation" title="System of multi-party cooperation and political consultation">System of multi-party cooperation and political consultation</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a>

<ul><li><a href="National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> (<a href="14th_National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">14th</a>)

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>: <a href="Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice-Chairpersons</a>

<dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="Wang_Dongfeng" title="Wang Dongfeng">Wang Dongfeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties</a>:

<dl><dd><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP (ruling)</a>

<dl><dd><a href="United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Head_of_the_United_Front_Work_Department" title="Head of the United Front Work Department">Head</a>: <a href="Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Democratic_parties_(China)" title="Democratic parties (China)">Democratic parties</a>

<dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a></li><li><a href="China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a></li><li><a href="China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a></li><li><a href="China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a></li><li><a href="Chinese_Peasants'_and_Workers'_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a></li><li><a href="China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a></li><li><a href="Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a></li><li><a href="Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul>

<dl><dd>Historical parties: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a></li><li><a href="China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">CDSP</a></li><li><a href="Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">YCP</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_organization" title="People's organization">People's organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">CCP Central Politics and Law Commission</a></div>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Secretary_of_the_Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">Secretary</a>: <a href="Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Enforced_disappearance" title="Enforced disappearance">Enforced disappearance</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="People's_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Public Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="State_Immigration_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Immigration Administration">State Immigration Administration</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Local public security bureaus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="People's_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">State Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="He_Rong" title="He Rong">He Rong</a></div></dd>

<dd><a href="People's_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police</a></dd>

<dd><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="People's_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a>

<dl><dd><a href="1st_Mobile_Contingent" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Mobile Contingent">1st Mobile Contingent</a></dd>

<dd><a href="2nd_Mobile_Contingent" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Mobile Contingent">2nd Mobile Contingent</a></dd>

<dd><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<ul><li>Bureau of Prison Administration</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Urban_management_and_law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban management and law enforcement">Urban Management <i>(chengguan)</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda%2C_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Leader: <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Leaders: <a href="Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a>, <a href="Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd>

<dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Head_of_the_Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Head</a>: <a href="Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">General Administration of Press and Publication</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Film_Administration" title="China Film Administration">China Film Administration</a></li>

<li><a href="State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a>

<ul><li><a href="China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a>

<ul><li><a href="China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Reference_News" title="Reference News">Reference News</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a></li>

<li><i><a href="People's_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>

<ul><li><i><a href="Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="China_Today" title="China Today">China Today</a></i></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li>

<li><a href="Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Overseas censorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media of China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Internal_media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal media of China">Internal media</a></li>

<li><a href="International_communication_centers" class="mw-redirect" title="International communication centers">International communication centers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing industry in China</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a>

<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="Zhuang_Rongwen" title="Zhuang Rongwen">Zhuang Rongwen</a></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a>

<dl><dd>Leader: <a href="Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">HK & Macau Affairs Office</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li>

<li><a href="Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Liaison Office</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="One_country%2C_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a>

<ul><li><a href="Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR Government</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li>

<li><a href="Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li>

<li><a href="Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & HK CEPA</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Macao Basic Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="Ho_Iat-seng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Iat-seng">Ho Iat-seng</a>

<ul><li><a href="Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau SAR Government</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & Macau CEPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">Cross-strait relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">Cross-strait relations</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li>

<li><a href="One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Province%2C_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">"Taiwan Province", PRC</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a>

<dl><dd>Leader: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd>

<dd>Deputy Leader: <a href="Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Song_Tao_(diplomat)" title="Song Tao (diplomat)">Song Tao</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a>

<dl><dd>Director: <a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd>

<dd>Deputy Director: <a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></dd>

<dd>Secretary-General: <a href="Wang_Yi_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd></dl></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="Wang_Yi_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="List_of_spokespersons_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China">Spokespersons</a></dd>

<dd><a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions</a></dd></dl></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid from China</a> / <a href="Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">to China</a></li>

<li><a href="China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development Cooperation Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li>

<li><a href="Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">Exim Bank of China</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>

<li><a href="Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a>

<ul><li><a href="New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a>

<ul><li><a href="Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">International Military Cooperation Office</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">NPC Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP International Department</a></li>

<li><a href="State_Administration_of_Foreign_Experts_Affairs" title="State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs">State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese Affairs Office</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">Chinese nationality law</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passports</a> (<a href="Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macau</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens">Visa requirements for Chinese citizens</a> (<a href="Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Macau" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau">Macau</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Visa_policy_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa policy of China">Visa policy of China</a> (<a href="Visa_policy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa policy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="Visa_policy_of_Macau" title="Visa policy of Macau">Macau</a>)</li>

<li><a href="National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">National Immigration Administration</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li>

<li><a href="Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Beijing_Consensus" title="Beijing Consensus">Beijing Consensus</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="China_and_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="China and the World Trade Organization">China and the World Trade Organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Africa%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa–China relations">China–Africa relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">China–Arab relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Caribbean%E2%80%93People's_Republic_of_China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean–People's Republic of China relations">China–Caribbean relations</a></li>

<li><a href="China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li>

<li><a href="China%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Latin America relations">China–Latin America relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">China–Pacific relations</a></li>

<li><a href="China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China–Russia relations</a></li>

<li><a href="China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative divisions</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare" title="Chinese information operations and information warfare">Chinese information operations</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities</a></li>

<li><a href="Family_planning_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Family planning policy">Family planning</a></li>

<li><a href="Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">Hukou system</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Chinese intelligence activity abroad</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-color: #AAAAAA;">

<span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AChina" title="Portal:China">China portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;">

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Politics of Taiwan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a></li>

<li><a href="Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<li><a href="Taxation_in_Taiwan" title="Taxation in Taiwan">Taxation</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><b><a href="President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a> (<a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>)

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice President of the Republic of China">Vice President of the Republic of China</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Hsiao_Bi-khim" title="Hsiao Bi-khim">Hsiao Bi-khim</a> (<a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>)

</p>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Office_of_the_President_(Taiwan)" title="Office of the President (Taiwan)">Office of the President</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Security_Council_(Taiwan)" title="National Security Council (Taiwan)">National Security Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a></b>

<ul><li><b><a href="Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho Jung-tai</a> (<a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>)

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="Vice_Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice Premier of the Republic of China">Vice Premier</a></b><br></li></ul>

<a href="Cheng_Li-chun" title="Cheng Li-chun">Cheng Li-chun</a> (<a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>)</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a></b>

<p><a href="11th_Legislative_Yuan" title="11th Legislative Yuan">11th Legislative Yuan</a>

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="President_of_the_Legislative_Yuan" title="President of the Legislative Yuan">President of the Legislative Yuan</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Han_Kuo-yu" title="Han Kuo-yu">Han Kuo-yu</a> (<a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a>)

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="Vice_President_of_the_Legislative_Yuan" title="Vice President of the Legislative Yuan">Vice President of the Legislative Yuan</a></b><br></li></ul>

<a href="Johnny_Chiang" title="Johnny Chiang">Johnny Chiang</a> (<a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a>)</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Judicial Yuan</a></b>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_presidents_of_the_Judicial_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Judicial Yuan">President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Shieh_Ming-yan" title="Shieh Ming-yan">Shieh Ming-yan</a> <i>acting</i>

</p>

<ul><li><b>Vice President of the Judicial Yuan</b><br></li></ul>

<p><i>Vacant</i>

</p>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of China">Supreme Court</a></li>

<li><a href="High_Court_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court (Taiwan)">High Courts</a></li>

<li><a href="District_Courts_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts (Taiwan)">District Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Government_of_the_Republic_of_China#Organizational_structure" title="Government of the Republic of China">Other branches</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Examination_Yuan" title="Examination Yuan">Examination Yuan</a></b>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_Presidents_of_the_Examination_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Examination Yuan">President of the Examination Yuan</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Chou_Hung-hsien" title="Chou Hung-hsien">Chou Hung-hsien</a>

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Examination_Yuan" title="List of vice presidents of the Examination Yuan">Vice President of the Examination Yuan</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p><a href="Hsu_Shu-hsiang" title="Hsu Shu-hsiang">Hsu Shu-hsiang</a>

</p>

<hr>

<p><b><a href="Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a></b>

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_Presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Control Yuan">President of the Control Yuan</a></b><br></li></ul>

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan">Vice President of the Control Yuan</a></b><br></li></ul>

<p>Lee Hung-chun

</p>

<hr>

<p><b><a href="Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Local government</a></b><br>

</p>

<a href="List_of_magistrates_and_mayors_in_Taiwan" title="List of magistrates and mayors in Taiwan">Mayors and Magistrates</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>

<p><b><a href="Central_Election_Commission_(Taiwan)" title="Central Election Commission (Taiwan)">Central Election Commission</a></b>

</p>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Presidential_elections_in_Taiwan" title="Presidential elections in Taiwan">Presidential elections</a></li>

<li><a href="Legislative_elections_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative elections in Taiwan">Legislative elections</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_elections_in_Taiwan" title="Local elections in Taiwan">Local elections</a></li>

<li><a href="Referendums_in_Taiwan" title="Referendums in Taiwan">Referendums</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Represented in the Legislative Yuan</b><br>

<p><a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a><br>

<a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan_People's_Party" title="Taiwan People's Party">Taiwan People's Party</a>

</p>

<hr>

<p><b>Others</b><br>

<a href="New_Power_Party" title="New Power Party">New Power Party</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party" title="Taiwan Statebuilding Party">Taiwan Statebuilding Party</a><br>

<a href="People_First_Party_(Taiwan)" title="People First Party (Taiwan)">People First Party</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan_Solidarity_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Solidarity Union">Taiwan Solidarity Union</a><br>

<a href="New_Party_(Taiwan)" title="New Party (Taiwan)">New Party</a><br>

<a href="Non-Partisan_Solidarity_Union" title="Non-Partisan Solidarity Union">Non-Partisan Solidarity Union</a><br>

</p>

<a href="Green_Party_Taiwan" title="Green Party Taiwan">Green Party Taiwan</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Mass_media_in_Taiwan" title="Mass media in Taiwan">Mass media</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Television_in_Taiwan" title="Television in Taiwan">Television</a></b><br>

<p><b><a href="List_of_newspapers_in_Taiwan" title="List of newspapers in Taiwan">Newspapers</a></b><br>

<i><a href="United_Daily_News" title="United Daily News">United Daily News</a></i><br>

<i><a href="Liberty_Times" title="Liberty Times">Liberty Times</a></i><br>

<i><a href="China_Times" title="China Times">China Times</a></i><br>

<i><a href="Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i>

</p>

<hr>

<p><b><a href="Propaganda_in_the_Republic_of_China" title="Propaganda in the Republic of China">Propaganda</a></b><br>

<b><a href="Censorship_in_Taiwan" title="Censorship in Taiwan">Censorship</a></b><br>

<a href="Cinema_of_Taiwan#Film_censorship" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Film censorship</a><br>

</p>

<a href="White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></b>

<ul><li><b><a href="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Foreign Minister</a></b><br></li></ul>

</p>

<hr>

<p><a href="Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a><br>

<a href="Special_state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special state-to-state relations">Special state-to-state relations</a><br>

<a href="One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a><br>

<a href="1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan_consensus" title="Taiwan consensus">Taiwan consensus</a><br>

<a href="Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a><br>

</p>

<hr>

<p><a href="Australia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Australia–Taiwan relations">Australia–Taiwan relations</a><br>

<a href="Canada%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Canada–Taiwan relations">Canada–Taiwan relations</a><br>

<a href="France%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="France–Taiwan relations">France–Taiwan relations</a><br>

<a href="Russia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Russia–Taiwan relations">Russia–Taiwan relations</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Taiwan–United Kingdom relations">Taiwan–United Kingdom relations</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">Taiwan–United States relations</a><br>

</p>

<a href="Taiwan_and_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Taiwan and the World Health Organization">Taiwan and the World Health Organization</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></b><br>

<p><a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China (1912–1949)</a><br>

<a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a><br>

<a href="One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a><br>

<a href="China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a><br>

<a href="Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a><br>

<a href="Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a><br>

<a href="Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese nationalism</a><br>

<a href="Tangwai_movement" title="Tangwai movement">Tangwai movement</a><br>

</p>

<a href="Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">

<span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATaiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;">

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The concept of <b>Two Chinas</b> refers to the political divide between the <a href="People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) and the <a href="Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (ROC). Founded in 1912, the ROC governed mainland China until the <a href="Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> established the PRC in 1949, forcing the ROC to <a href="Retreat_of_the_government_of_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan">retreat to Taiwan</a> after losing the <a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. Both are rival governments claiming to be the sole legitimate authority over all of China (<a href="One_China" title="One China">One China</a>), encompassing mainland China and Taiwan, and neither recognizes the other’s legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Today, they operate as separate entities with different political systems and ideologies. The differences between the two Chinas are stark, with the PRC being a <a href="One-party" class="mw-redirect" title="One-party">one-party</a> <a href="Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist state</a> and the ROC a <a href="Multi-party_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-party democracy">multi-party democracy</a> after <a href="Politics_of_Taiwan#Transition_to_democracy" title="Politics of Taiwan">transitioning</a> from <a href="One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> <a href="Military_junta" title="Military junta">military rule</a>. Both countries maintain <a href="Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">separate diplomatic relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="History_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="History of the Republic of China">History of the Republic of China</a></div>

<p>In 1912, the <a href="Puyi" title="Puyi">Xuantong Emperor</a> abdicated as a result of the <a href="1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a>, and the <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> was established in <a href="Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> by revolutionaries under <a href="Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>. At the same time, the <a href="Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a>, led by <a href="Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>, a former <a href="Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> general, existed in <a href="Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, whose legitimacy was challenged by the <a href="Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a> under the <a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (Chinese Nationalist Party).

</p><p>From 1912 to 1949, China was scarred by <a href="Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">warlords</a>, the <a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion</a> and the <a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. Throughout this turbulent period, multiple governments existed in China. These include Yuan Shikai's Beiyang government (1912–1928), the <a href="Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> (1931–1937) established by the <a href="Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the puppet states of <a href="Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> (1932–1945) and <a href="Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a> (1939–1945), the <a href="Fujian_People's_Government" title="Fujian People's Government">Fujian People's Government</a> (1933–1934), <a href="Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>'s <a href="Reorganized_National_Government_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of China">Japanese-sponsored puppet government</a> (1940–1945), <a href="Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a>'s <a href="Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a> (1912–1951), <a href="Khoja_Niyaz" title="Khoja Niyaz">Khoja Niyaz</a>'s <a href="First_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="First East Turkestan Republic">Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan</a> (1933–1934), the <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a>-backed <a href="Second_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="Second East Turkestan Republic">East Turkestan Republic</a> (1944–1949), the <a href="Tuvan_People's_Republic" title="Tuvan People's Republic">Tuvan People's Republic</a> (1921–1944), <a href="Bogd_Khan" title="Bogd Khan">Bogd Khan</a>'s <a href="Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolian State</a> in <a href="Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> (1911–1924) and the <a href="Mongolian_People's_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> (1924–1992), with the latter recognized by China in 1946.

</p><p>As the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, the Chinese communist <a href="China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC), led by <a href="Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Chairman</a> <a href="Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, took control of <a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>. The <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a>, led by <a href="President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> <a href="Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, <a href="Retreat_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the Government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">retreated</a> the <a href="Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">government of the Republic of China</a> to the island of <a href="Taiwan_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan island">Taiwan</a>, hence effectively dividing China into two political states<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, similar to <a href="Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">North and South Korea</a>, <a href="History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">West and East Germany</a> and <a href="1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">North and South Vietnam</a>.

</p><p>Though fighting continued for the next several years, by the time of the <a href="Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> the lines of control were sharply drawn: the Communist-led People's Republic of China government in Beijing controlled most of mainland China, while the Kuomintang-led <a href="Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> government, now in <a href="Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, controlled the <a href="Island_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Taiwan">island of Taiwan</a>, some surrounding islands, and a number of islands off the coast of <a href="Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>. This stalemate was enforced with the assistance of the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government that <a href="United_States_Taiwan_Defense_Command" title="United States Taiwan Defense Command">began deterring an invasion of Taiwan</a> after the start of the Korean War.

</p><p>For many years, both governments contended to be the sole legitimate government of China. With the fighting largely over, the major battleground became diplomatic. Before the 1970s, the Republic of China was still recognized by many countries and the United Nations as the sole legitimate government of "China", which claimed sovereignty over both mainland China and Taiwan. The Republic of China had been a founding member of the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and was one of the five permanent members of the Security Council until 1971, when they were expelled from the UN and China's representation was replaced by the People's Republic of China (PRC) via <a href="UN_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly Resolution 2758">UN General Assembly Resolution 2758</a>. Before the 1970s, few foreign governments recognised the People's Republic of China. The first governments to recognise it as the government of "China" were <a href="Soviet_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet bloc">Soviet bloc</a> countries, members of the <a href="Non-aligned_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-aligned movement">non-aligned movement</a>, and the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (1950). The catalyst to change came in 1971, when the <a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> <a href="China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">expelled</a> representatives of Chiang Kai-shek by refusing to recognise their accreditations as representatives of China. Recognition for the People's Republic of China soon followed from most other governments, including the United States. The Republic of China continued to compete with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to be recognised as the legitimate government of China.

</p><p>Since the 1990s, however, a rising movement for formal recognition of Taiwanese independence has made the political status of Taiwan the dominant issue, replacing the debate about the legitimate government of China. A view in Taiwan is that the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China are both <a href="Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>, thus forming "two Chinas", or "one China, one Taiwan". Former Republic of China President Chen Shui-bian adamantly supported this status quo, and accordingly largely abandoned the campaign for the Republic of China to be recognised as the sole legitimate government of China. Under President Chen, the ROC government was campaigning for the Republic of China to join the United Nations as representative of its effective territory—Taiwan and nearby islands—only. Chen's successor, President <a href="Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a>, ceased that push.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_situation">Current situation</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">Cross-strait relations</a></div>

<p>In the past, both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) have claimed <i>de jure</i> sovereignty over mainland China whilst denying the legitimacy of the other.<sup id="cite_ref-Sovereignty2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sovereignty2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sovereignty3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sovereignty3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of the PRC and the <a href="KMT" class="mw-redirect" title="KMT">KMT</a> in Taiwan remains that there is only one sovereign entity of China, united and indivisible. The liberal <a href="Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a> in Taiwan prefers the status quo and is dedicated to maintaining the sovereignty over the territory under effective control.

</p><p>The official diplomacy of the two governments remains exclusive to each other. As of 2025, 178 UN member states and the <a href="State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> have a formal diplomatic relation with the PRC. 11 UN member states and the <a href="Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> have a formal diplomatic relation with the ROC.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China">People's Republic of China</h3></div>

<p>The <a href="Government_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the People's Republic of China">government of the People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) opposes treating the Republic of China (ROC) as a legitimate state and portrays Taiwan as a rogue province of the PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCP-led Chinese government has consistently opposed two parallel Chinese sovereign states, instead espousing that all of "China" is under one single, indivisible sovereignty under its "<a href="One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One China Principle</a>", explicitly including Taiwan. Under this principle, while the PRC has no <i>de facto</i> control over territory administered by the ROC, the PRC nevertheless claims that the territories controlled by both the PRC and ROC are part of the same, indivisible sovereign entity "China".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anti-Secession_Law_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Secession_Law-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>PRC government policy mandates that any country that wishes to establish a diplomatic relationship with the PRC must first discontinue any formal relationship with the ROC. According to <i><a href="The_Fletcher_Forum_of_World_Affairs" title="The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs">The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs</a></i>, "non-recognition of the Taiwanese government is a prerequisite for conducting formal diplomatic relations with the PRC—in effect forcing other governments to choose between Beijing and Taipei."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to compete for other countries' recognition, each government has given money to certain small countries. Several small African and Caribbean countries have established and discontinued diplomatic relationships with both sides several times in exchange for huge financial support from each side.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRC also uses its international influence to prohibit the ROC from entering international events such as the <a href="Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> under its official name. Instead, the ROC was forced to adopt the name <a href="Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a> to enter such events since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Lin_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, on press releases and other media, CCP and the officials of PRC never refer to the ROC as such, instead referring to the territory of Taiwan as "China's Taiwan Province", and to the ROC government as "the Taiwan authority".

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China">Republic of China</h3></div>

<p>Until the constitutional reforms of 1991, the Republic of China (ROC) actively asserted its claim of sovereignty over all of China and still opposes treating the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a legitimate state. ROC authorities clarified the constitutional reforms by stating they do not "dispute the fact that the PRC controls mainland China."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the ROC has neither actively asserted these claims nor denied them. Democratization and liberalization of <a href="Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a> has led to the emergence of the <a href="Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a>, which supports the idea of "Two Chinas". The ROC's position with respect to "Two Chinas" has varied by administration, with <a href="Pan-Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Green">Pan-Green</a> administrations favoring it and <a href="Pan-Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Blue">Pan-Blue</a> administrations preferring the position of One China with respective interpretations.

</p><p>In 1999, then <a href="President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> <a href="Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> defined the relationship as "<a href="Special_state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special state-to-state relations">Special state-to-state relations</a>".

</p><p>President <a href="Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> proposed in 2002 that "<a href="One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">with Taiwan and China on each side of the Taiwan Strait, each side is a country</a>". In 2003 he further said that "Taiwan is not a province of one country nor is it a state of another".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chen administration took steps to use the name "Taiwan" internationally to boost the international business activities with Taiwan by preventing confusion between the "two Chinas". For example, the word "Taiwan" appears underneath "Republic of China" on <a href="Taiwan_passport" title="Taiwan passport">Republic of China passports</a> such that the visa policy towards citizens of ROC can be separated from the policy towards people from PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In September 2008 President <a href="Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> from the <a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> stated that the sovereignty issues between the two sovereigns cannot be resolved at present, and brought up the <a href="1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a> as a temporary measure until a solution becomes available.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spokesman for the ROC Presidential Office Wang Yu-chi (<a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">王郁琦</span>) later clarified the President's statement and said that the relations are between two regions of one country, based on the context of ROC Constitution, and the Statute Governing the Relations Between the Peoples of the Taiwan Area and Mainland Area and the 1992 Consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>President <a href="Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> of the <a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> was elected in 2016. Her administration adopted a different policy in this issue.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Tsai administration, the claim over the Chinese territory on the Eurasian continent was again weakened.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_precedents">Historical precedents</h2></div>

<th>Official name(s)

</th>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></span> <a href="Communist-controlled_China_(1927%E2%80%931949)" title="Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)">Soviet Zone</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1927–1931)</span><hr><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1931–1937)</span><hr><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></span> <a href="Communist-controlled_China_(1927%E2%80%931949)" title="Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)">Anti-Japanese Base Areas</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1937–1946)</span><hr><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></span> <a href="Communist-controlled_China_(1927%E2%80%931949)" title="Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)">Liberated Zone</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1946–1949)</span><hr><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="China" title="China"></a></span></span> <a href="People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></b> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1949–present)</span></td>

<td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan"></a></span></span> <a href="Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></b> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1912–present)</span>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Common name

</th>

<td><b><a href="China" title="China">China</a></b></td>

<td><b><a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></b> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(present)</span><hr><a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(historical)</span>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Date of establishment

</th>

<td><a href="Nanchang_uprising" title="Nanchang uprising">1 August 1927</a><hr><a href="October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">7 November 1931</a><hr><a href="Proclamation_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">1 October 1949</a></td>

<td><a href="History_of_the_Republic_of_China#Founding_of_the_republic" title="History of the Republic of China">1 January 1912</a>

</td></tr>

<th>Effective jurisdiction

</th>

<td><a href="Jiangxi%E2%80%93Fujian_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet">Fujian, Jiangxi</a>, <a href="Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> and <a href="Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> <a href="Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Soviet Zones</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Nanchang_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchang Uprising">1927</a>–<a href="Long_March" title="Long March">1934</a>)</span><hr><a href="Northern_Shaanxi" title="Northern Shaanxi">Northern Shaanxi</a> and <a href="Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1935–present)</span><hr><a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">1949</a>–present)</span><hr><a href="Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a> (includes <a href="Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Xizang</a> and <a href="Chamdo_Region" title="Chamdo Region">Chamdo</a>) <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">1951</a>–present)</span><hr><a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">1997</a>–present)</span><hr><a href="Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Macau">1999</a>–present)</span>

</td>

<td>Mainland China <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1912–1949)</span><hr><a href="Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Occupation_of_Mongolia" title="Occupation of Mongolia">1919</a>–<a href="Mongolian_Revolution_of_1921" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1921">1921</a>)</span><hr><a href="Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan and Pescadores</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Retreat_of_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the Government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">1945</a>–present)</span><br><a href="Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> and <a href="Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu Islands</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1912–present)</span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Representation of "<a href="China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China</a>"<br>in the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>

</th>

<td><a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">1971</a>–present

</td>

<td>1945–1971

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Capital

</th>

<td><a href="Jinggang_Mountains" title="Jinggang Mountains">Jinggangshan</a> (1927–1930)<br><a href="Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a> (1931–1934)<br><a href="Zhidan_County" title="Zhidan County">Zhidan</a> (1935)<br><a href="Yan'an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a> (1936–1947)<br><a href="Xibaipo" title="Xibaipo">Xibaipo</a> (1947–1949)<br><a href="Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> (1949–present)

</td>

<td><a href="Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> (1912, 1927–1937, 1946–1949) <br><a href="Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> (1912–1928)<br><a href="Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> (1937–1946, 1949)<br><a href="Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (1949)<br>

<p><a href="Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (1949)<br>

<a href="Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (1949–present)

</p>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Founder

</th>

<td><a href="Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Incumbent head of state

</th>

<td><a href="Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Incumbent head of government

</th>

<td><a href="Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">Cross-strait relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li>

<li><a href="Huadu_(Taiwan)" title="Huadu (Taiwan)">Huadu (Taiwan)</a></li>

<li><a href="Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The southeastern province of <a href="Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> was split, resulting in the PRC controlling most of the province including the islands of <a href="Haitan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitan Island">Haitan</a>, <a href="Nanri_Island" title="Nanri Island">Nanri</a> and <a href="Meizhou_Island" title="Meizhou Island">Meizhou</a> with the ROC retaining control of <a href="Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="Matsu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsu Island">Matsu</a> and <a href="Wuqiu%2C_Kinmen" title="Wuqiu, Kinmen">Wuqiu</a> islands.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFMacLeod2022" class="citation web cs1">MacLeod, Andrew (2022-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/when-people-say-the-west-should-support-taiwan-what-exactly-do-they-mean-186744">"When people say the West should support Taiwan, what exactly do they mean?"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-06-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGayner1977" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Gayner, Jeffrey B (2 July 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118103721/https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/us-diplomacy-and-the-two-chinas">"U.S. Diplomacy and the Two Chinas"</a>. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSwift2003" class="citation book cs1">Swift, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230001183_20">"The Two Chinas"</a>. <i>The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of the Cold War</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">44–</span>45. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230001183_20">10.1057/9780230001183_20</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-333-99404-7</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411112230/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230001183_20">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyman P. Van Slyke, <i>The Chinese Communist movement: a report of the United States War Department, July 1945</i>, Stanford University Press, 1968, p. 44</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Sovereignty2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sovereignty2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHudson2014" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, Christopher (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hm63AwAAQBAJ&q=prc+and+roc+legitimacy&pg=PA59"><i>The China Handbook</i></a>. Routledge. p. 59. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781134269662</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410211623/https://books.google.com/books?id=hm63AwAAQBAJ&q=prc+and+roc+legitimacy&pg=PA59">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Sovereignty3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sovereignty3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRigger2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Shelley_Rigger" title="Shelley Rigger">Rigger, Shelley</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hiiEAgAAQBAJ&q=roc+limited+to+taiwan&pg=PA60"><i>Politics in Taiwan: Voting for Reform</i></a>. Routledge. p. 60. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781134692972</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410211621/https://books.google.com/books?id=hiiEAgAAQBAJ&q=roc+limited+to+taiwan&pg=PA60">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html">"CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA"</a>. <i>The People's Daily</i>. 1982-12-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812224210/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html">"CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA"</a>. The People's Daily — Read 3rd paragraph, 10th line-. 1982-12-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812224210/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Anti-Secession_Law-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anti-Secession_Law_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200503/14/eng20050314_176746.html">"Anti-Secession Law"</a>. <i>The People's Daily</i>. 2005-03-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802100608/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200503/14/eng20050314_176746.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEriksonChen2007" class="citation journal cs1">Erikson, Daniel P.; Chen, Janice (2007). "China, Taiwan, and the Battle for Latin America". <i><a href="The_Fletcher_Forum_of_World_Affairs" title="The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs">The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs</a></i>. <b>31</b> (2): 71.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/taiwan/7956.htm">"The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue"</a>. <a href="China_Internet_Information_Center" title="China Internet Information Center">China Internet Information Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227214111/http://www.china.org.cn/english/taiwan/7956.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124423/http://www.hiidunia.com/2010/04/china-and-taiwan-in-africa/">"China and Taiwan in Africa"</a>. HiiDunia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hiidunia.com/2010/04/china-and-taiwan-in-africa/">the original</a> on 2014-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Lin-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lin_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_K._Lin2008" class="citation news cs1">Catherine K. Lin (2008-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/08/05/2003419446">"How 'Chinese Taipei' came about"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617071616/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/08/05/2003419446">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/taiwan.htm">"TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA): Constitution, Government & Legislation"</a>. Jurist Legal intelligence, Pitt University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110408160604/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/taiwan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041217222641/http://www.mac.gov.tw/big5/mlpolicy/refer92/1_22.htm">"Extracted text of the telecast relating to cross-strait relations"</a> (in Chinese). Mainland Affairs Council of Republic of China. 2002-08-03. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mac.gov.tw/big5/mlpolicy/refer92/1_22.htm">the original</a> on 2004-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-14</span></span>. <q>台灣不是別人的一部分；不是別人的地方政府、別人的一省</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWang2003" class="citation news cs1">Wang, James (2003-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2003/10/22/2003072919">"Fortune will favor a brave Taiwan"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205030025/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2003/10/22/2003072919">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2002/01/15/119980">"Chang gives his approval to passports"</a>. <i>www.taipeitimes.com</i>. Taipei Times. 15 January 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101193944/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2002/01/15/119980">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm">"Taiwan and China in 'special relations': Ma"</a>. <i>China Post</i>. 2008-09-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092524/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/05/2003422339">"Presidential Office defends Ma"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. 2008-09-05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080911200500/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/05/2003422339">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-election-idUSKBN1XO235">"Taiwan opposition candidate calls for return to one China formula"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. November 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207094735/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-election-idUSKBN1XO235">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span> – via www.reuters.com.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwaninsight.org/2021/09/13/at-the-edge-of-state-control-the-creation-of-the-matsu-islands/">"At the Edge of State Control: The Creation of the "Matsu Islands""</a>. <i>Taiwan Insight</i>. <a href="University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a> Taiwan Studies Programme. 2021-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-21</span></span>. <q>Taiwan was a colony of Japan, whereas Matsu was part of Fujian</q></cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Cross-strait_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Taiwan&#124;link=Taiwan455" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Cross-strait_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Taiwan&#124;link=Taiwan455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="China" title="China"></a></span></span> <a href="Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">Cross-strait relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan"></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong_Economic%2C_Trade_and_Cultural_Office_(Taiwan)" title="Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)">Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)</a></li>

<li><a href="Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_in_Hong_Kong" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong</a></li>

<li><a href="Macau_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_(Taiwan)" title="Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan)">Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan)</a></li>

<li><a href="Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_in_Macau" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Opening_of_the_South-North_route" title="Opening of the South-North route">Opening of the South-North route</a></li>

<li><a href="Restoration_of_Taiwan_strait_shipping" title="Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping">Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang%E2%80%93Koo_summit" title="Wang–Koo summit">Wang–Koo summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-strait_charter" title="Cross-strait charter">Cross-strait charter</a></li>

<li><a href="2004_Taiwanese_cross-strait_relations_referendum" title="2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum">2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum</a></li>

<li><a href="May_17_Statement" title="May 17 Statement">May 17 Statement</a></li>

<li><a href="2005_Pan%E2%80%93Blue_visits_to_mainland_China" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China">2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-strait_high-level_talks" title="Cross-strait high-level talks">Cross-strait high-level talks</a>

<ul><li><a href="First_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="First Chen–Chiang summit">First Chen–Chiang summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Second Chen–Chiang summit">Second Chen–Chiang summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourth_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Fourth Chen–Chiang summit">Fourth Chen–Chiang summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Fifth_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Fifth Chen–Chiang summit">Fifth Chen–Chiang summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Sixth_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Sixth Chen–Chiang summit">Sixth Chen–Chiang summit</a></li>

<li><a href="Seventh_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Seventh Chen–Chiang summit">Seventh Chen–Chiang summit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cross-Strait_CEO_Summit" title="Cross-Strait CEO Summit">Cross-Strait CEO Summit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Jinjiang%E2%80%93Kinmen_Pipeline" title="Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline">Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2014_Wang%E2%80%93Zhang_meetings" title="2014 Wang–Zhang meetings">2014 Wang–Zhang meetings</a></li>

<li><a href="2015_Xi%E2%80%93Chu_meeting" title="2015 Xi–Chu meeting">2015 Xi–Chu meeting</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="First Ma–Xi meeting">First Ma–Xi meeting</a></li>

<li><a href="Straits_Forum" title="Straits Forum">Straits Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Shanghai-Taipei_City_Forum" title="Shanghai-Taipei City Forum">Shanghai-Taipei City Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Second Ma–Xi meeting">Second Ma–Xi meeting</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Kuomintang-Communist_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War">Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War</a></li>

<li><a href="Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Guanbi_policy" title="Guanbi policy">Guanbi policy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_National_Glory" title="Project National Glory">Project National Glory</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Dong-Yin" title="Battle of Dong-Yin">Battle of Dong-Yin</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Dongshan" title="Battle of Dongshan">Battle of Dongshan</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_East_Chongwu" title="Battle of East Chongwu">Battle of East Chongwu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Senkaku_Islands_dispute" title="Senkaku Islands dispute">Dispute</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the Tuapse</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758</a></li>

<li><a href="Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations</a></li>

<li><a href="CAAC_Flight_296" title="CAAC Flight 296">CAAC Flight 296</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Airlines_Flight_334" title="China Airlines Flight 334">China Airlines Flight 334</a></li>

<li><a href="1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li>

<li><a href="1990_Guangzhou_Baiyun_airport_collisions" title="1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions">1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions</a></li>

<li><a href="Qiandao_Lake_incident" title="Qiandao Lake incident">Qiandao Lake incident</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Airlines_Flight_611" title="China Airlines Flight 611">China Airlines Flight 611</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunflower_Student_Movement" title="Sunflower Student Movement">Sunflower Student Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Braga_incident" title="Braga incident">Braga incident</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Black_Box_Curriculum_Movement" title="Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement">Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Liqiang" title="Wang Liqiang">Wang Liqiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_pineapples" title="Freedom pineapples">Freedom pineapples</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Solomon_Islands_unrest" title="2021 Solomon Islands unrest">2021 Solomon Islands unrest</a></li>

<li>Chinese military exercises around Taiwan

<li><a href="2025_Taiwan_Exercise" title="2025 Taiwan Exercise">2025 Taiwan Exercise</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2024_Kinmen_Chinese_motorboat_capsizing_incident" title="2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident">2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cross-Strait_Act" title="Cross-Strait Act">Cross-Strait Act</a></li>

<li><a href="Proposed_National_Unification_Promotion_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed National Unification Promotion Law">Proposed National Unification Promotion Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Infiltration_Act" title="Anti-Infiltration Act">Anti-Infiltration Act</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="All-China_Federation_of_Taiwan_Compatriots" title="All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots">All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots</a></li>

<li><a href="Alumni_Association_of_Huangpu_Military_Academy" title="Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy">Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy</a></li>

<li><a href="Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li>

<li><a href="Association_for_Tourism_Exchange_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Council_for_the_Promotion_of_Peaceful_National_Reunification" title="China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification">China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Straits_Common_Market_Foundation" title="Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation">Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Strait_Economic%2C_Trade_and_Culture_Forum" title="Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum">Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Strait_Peace_Forum" title="Cross-Strait Peace Forum">Cross-Strait Peace Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_Alliance_for_China's_Reunification_under_the_Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People">Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People</a></li>

<li><a href="Institute_of_Taiwan_Studies" title="Institute of Taiwan Studies">Institute of Taiwan Studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Lienchiang_Cross-Strait_Matters_Forum" title="Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum">Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Unification_Council" title="National Unification Council">National Unification Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Straits_Exchange_Foundation" title="Straits Exchange Foundation">Straits Exchange Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a>

<ul><li><a href="Taiwan.cn" title="Taiwan.cn">Taiwan.cn</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Competitiveness_Forum" title="Taiwan Competitiveness Forum">Taiwan Competitiveness Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Strait_Tourism_Association" title="Taiwan Strait Tourism Association">Taiwan Strait Tourism Association</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a></li>

<li><a href="Both_sides_of_the_Taiwan_Strait_are_one_family" title="Both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family">Both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family</a></li>

<li><a href="China_Circle" title="China Circle">China Circle</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">Chinese irredentism</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-Strait_Economic_Zone" title="Cross-Strait Economic Zone">Cross-Strait Economic Zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Deng's_Six_Conceptions" title="Deng's Six Conceptions">Deng's Six Conceptions</a></li>

<li><a href="Four_Noes_and_One_Without" title="Four Noes and One Without">Four Noes and One Without</a></li>

<li><a href="Fujian_Demonstration_Zone" title="Fujian Demonstration Zone">Fujian Demonstration Zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li>

<li><a href="Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">Han chauvinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hu's_Four_Points" title="Hu's Four Points">Hu's Four Points</a></li>

<li><a href="Hu's_Six_Points" title="Hu's Six Points">Hu's Six Points</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiang's_Eight_Points" title="Jiang's Eight Points">Jiang's Eight Points</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Message_to_Compatriots_in_Taiwan" title="Message to Compatriots in Taiwan">Message to Compatriots in Taiwan</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Never_promise_to_renounce_the_use_of_force" title="Never promise to renounce the use of force">Never promise to renounce the use of force</a></li>

<li><a href="One_China" title="One China">One China</a>

<ul><li><a href="One_China_framework" title="One China framework">One China framework</a></li>

<li><a href="One_China_principle" title="One China principle">One China principle</a></li>

<li><a href="One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a></li>

<li><a href="One_country%2C_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-strait_propaganda" title="Cross-strait propaganda">Cross-strait propaganda</a></li>

<li><a href="Qian's_Seven_Points" title="Qian's Seven Points">Qian's Seven Points</a></li>

<li><a href="Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_non-state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special non-state-to-state relations">Special non-state-to-state relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Six_Assurances" title="Six Assurances">Six Assurances</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan%2C_China" title="Taiwan, China">Taiwan, China</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Noes" title="Three Noes">Three Noes</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Links" title="Three Links">Three Links</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_consensus" title="Taiwan consensus">Taiwan consensus</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Theory_of_the_Undetermined_Status_of_Taiwan" title="Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan">Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="United_front_in_Taiwan" title="United front in Taiwan">United front in Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Under_the_Roof_of_One_China" title="Under the Roof of One China">Under the Roof of One China</a></li>

<li><a href="Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li>

<li><a href="Xi's_Five_Points" title="Xi's Five Points">Xi's Five Points</a></li>

<li><a href="Ye's_Nine_Points" title="Ye's Nine Points">Ye's Nine Points</a></li>

<li><a href="White_Paper_on_the_Taiwan_Question" title="White Paper on the Taiwan Question">White Paper on the Taiwan Question</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fujian%E2%80%93Taiwan_relationship" title="Fujian–Taiwan relationship">Fujian–Taiwan relationship</a></li>

<li><a href="Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong–Taiwan relations</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council">Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_Council" title="Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council">Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Trades_Union_Council" title="Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council">Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Macau%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Macau–Taiwan relations">Macau–Taiwan relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Travel_Document" title="Chinese Travel Document">Chinese Travel Document</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Entry_Permit" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Entry Permit">Taiwan Entry Permit</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Resident" title="Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Resident">Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Resident</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-strait_language_database" title="Cross-strait language database">Cross-strait language database</a></li>

<li><a href="ECFA_Debate" title="ECFA Debate">ECFA Debate</a></li>

<li><a href="Geostrategy_in_Taiwan" title="Geostrategy in Taiwan">Geostrategy in Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="HMS_Aurora_(12)" title="HMS Aurora (12)">HMS Aurora (12)</a></li>

<li><a href="China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="China_and_the_World_Bank" title="China and the World Bank">China and the World Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Chinese intelligence activity abroad</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare" title="Chinese information operations and information warfare">Chinese information operations and information warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations of China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Timeline of diplomatic relations with China</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity" title="Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_diplomatic_relations_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China">Timeline of diplomatic relations of Taiwan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Communist_Hero" title="Anti-Communist Hero">Anti-Communist Hero</a></li>

<li><a href="Milk_Tea_Alliance" title="Milk Tea Alliance">Milk Tea Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Taishang" title="Taishang">Taishang</a></li>

<li><a href="G3_Beijing%E2%80%93Taipei_Expressway" title="G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway">G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway</a></li>

<li><a href="G99_Taiwan_Ring_Expressway" title="G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway">G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway</a></li>

<li><a href="China_National_Highway_228_(Taiwan)" title="China National Highway 228 (Taiwan)">China National Highway 228 (Taiwan)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mongolian_and_Tibetan_Affairs_Commission" title="Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission">Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibet_Religious_Foundation_of_His_Holiness_the_Dalai_Lama" title="Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama">Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama</a></li>

<li><a href="The_World_Turned_Upside_Down_(sculpture)" title="The World Turned Upside Down (sculpture)"><i>The World Turned Upside Down</i></a></li>

<li><i><a href="Go_and_Reclaim_the_Mainland" title="Go and Reclaim the Mainland">Go and Reclaim the Mainland</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Pro%E2%80%93Republic_of_China_sentiment" title="Pro–Republic of China sentiment">Pro–Republic of China sentiment</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Reversed_Front" title="Reversed Front">Reversed Front</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Zero_Day_Attack" title="Zero Day Attack"><i>Zero Day Attack</i></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Cross-strait relations</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_China531" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Politics_of_China531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li>

<li><a href="Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">Ideology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a>

<ul><li><a href="Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a>

<ul><li><a href="Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a>

<ul><li><a href="General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Military Commission</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Provincial standing committees</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Central<br>government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a></li>

<li><a href="National_People's_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a>

<ul><li><a href="Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a>

<ul><li><a href="Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li>

<li><a href="Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers</a></li>

<li><a href="State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a></li>

<li><a href="Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Ministries</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a></li>

<li><a href="Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a>

<ul><li><a href="Director_of_the_National_Supervisory_Commission" title="Director of the National Supervisory Commission">Director</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_People's_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a>

<ul><li><a href="President_of_the_Supreme_People's_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_People's_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a>

<ul><li><a href="Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People's_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People's_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairperson</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Democratic_parties_(China)" title="Democratic parties (China)">Democratic parties</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_organization" title="People's organization">People's organization</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics of<br><a href="Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">province-level<br>divisions</a><br><small>(<a href="List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">current leaders</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="Direct-controlled_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipalities of China">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Politics_of_Beijing" title="Politics of Beijing">Beijing</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Chongqing" title="Politics of Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Shanghai" title="Politics of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Tianjin" title="Politics of Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Politics_of_Anhui" title="Politics of Anhui">Anhui</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Fujian" title="Politics of Fujian">Fujian</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Gansu" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Gansu">Gansu</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Guizhou" title="Politics of Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Hainan" title="Politics of Hainan">Hainan</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Hebei" title="Politics of Hebei">Hebei</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Heilongjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Henan" title="Politics of Henan">Henan</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Hubei">Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Hunan" title="Politics of Hunan">Hunan</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Jiangsu" title="Politics of Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Jiangxi" title="Politics of Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Jilin" title="Politics of Jilin">Jilin</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Liaoning" title="Politics of Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Qinghai" title="Politics of Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Shaanxi" title="Politics of Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Shandong</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Shanxi" title="Politics of Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Zhejiang" title="Politics of Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous<br>regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Politics_of_Guangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Politics of Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Ningxia" title="Politics of Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Politics_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Tibet">Tibet</a> <small>(<a href="List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">leaders</a>)</small></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Claimed province</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<dd><a href="Elections_in_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the People's Republic of China">Elections</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Two_Chinas&oldid=1295012334">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>